#include<cstdlib>
#include<iostream>
#include<fstream>
#include<string>

using namespace std;

const int MAXITERATIONS = 2048;

int inSet1(double, double, int);
int inSet2(double, double, int);
int inSet3(double, double, int);
int inSet4(double, double, int, double);
void initArray(char [][3], int, ifstream &);
void bmpHeaders(int, int, int, ofstream &);
void writeValue(int, int, ofstream &);

int main() {
	srand(time(NULL));

	ofstream fout;
	ifstream fin;
	int padding, iterations, fractal, xsize, ysize, numIterations;
	string input, parFile, imgName, colorFile;
	double xmin, xmax, ymin, ymax, step, i, r, ff;
	char colors[MAXITERATIONS+1][3];
	bool invalid=true;

	cout << "Parameters: [D]efault, [F]ile, [C]ustom, [Q]uit: ";
	cin >> input;
		
	if(tolower(input[0]) == 'd') {
		xmin = -2;
		ymin = -2;
		step = 0.004;
		xsize = 1000;
		ysize = 1000;
		numIterations = 255;
		imgName = "temp.bmp";
		colorFile = "colors-default.bmp";
	}
	else if (tolower(input[0]) == 'f') {
		cout << "Specify a Parameter File: ";
		cin >> parFile;

		fin.open(("par_files/"+parFile+".txt").c_str());
		if(fin.fail()) {
			cerr << "ERROR: The parameter file  'par_files/" << parFile << ".txt' could not be opened.\nAttempting to use 'parameters-default.txt'.\n";
			
			fin.open("par_files/parameters-default.txt");
			if(fin.fail()) {
				cerr << "ERROR: 'parameters-default.txt' could not be opened.\nAborting.\n";
				exit(1);
			}
		}
		
		fin >> fractal >> xmin >> xmax >> ymin >> ymax >> xsize >> numIterations >> imgName >> colorFile;
		
		if(fractal == 4) {
			fin >> ff;
		}
		
		fin.close();
		
		step = (xmax-xmin) / xsize;
		ysize = (ymax - ymin) / step;
	}
	else if (tolower(input[0]) == 'c') {
		cout << "Fractal to Generate:" << endl;
		cout << "  [1] z_(n+1) = (z_n)^2 + C" << endl;
		cout << "  [2] z_(n+1) = (z_n)^3 + C" << endl;
		cout << "  [3] z_(n+1) = (z_n)^4 + C" << endl;
		cout << "  [4] z_(n+1) = (z_n)^4 + C + R" << endl;
		cout << "Select an Option: ";
		cin >> fractal;
	
		cout << "Minimum x: ";
		cin >> xmin;
		cout << "Maximum x: ";
		cin >> xmax;
		cout << "Minimum y: ";
		cin >> ymin;
		cout << "Maximum y: ";
		cin >> ymax;
		cout << "Horizontal Size: ";
		cin >> xsize;
		cout << "Maximum Iterations: ";
		cin >> numIterations;
		cout << "Output File: ";
		cin >> imgName;
		cout << "Color File: ";
		cin >> colorFile;
		step = (xmax-xmin) / xsize;
		ysize = (ymax - ymin) / step;
		if(fractal == 4) {
			cout << "Fudge Factor: ";
			cin >> ff;
		}
	}
	else {
		exit(0);
	}
	
	fout.open(("output/"+imgName).c_str());
	if(fout.fail()) {
		cerr << "ERROR: The output file 'output/" << imgName << "'  could not be opened.\nAttempting to use 'temp.bmp'.\n";
		
		fout.open("output/temp.bmp");
		if(fout.fail()) {
			cerr << "ERROR: 'temp.bmp' could not be opened.\nAborting.\n";
			exit(1);
		}
	}

	fin.open(("color_files/"+colorFile).c_str());
	if(fin.fail()) {
		cerr << "ERROR: The color file 'color_files/" << colorFile << "' could not be opened.\nAttempting to use 'colors-default.bmp'.\n";

		fin.open("color_files/colors-default.bmp");
		if(fin.fail()) {
			cerr << "ERROR: 'colors-default.bmp' could not be opened.\nAborting.\n";
			exit(1);
		}
	}

	initArray(colors, numIterations, fin);
	fin.close();

	writeValue(54,0,fout);

	padding = (4-((xsize*3)%4))%4;

	for(int y = 0; y < ysize; ++y) {
		for(int x = 0; x < xsize; ++x) {

		r = xmin + (x * step);
		i = ymin + (y * step);

		switch(fractal) {
				case 1:
					iterations = inSet1(r, i, numIterations);
					break;
				case 2:
					iterations = inSet2(r, i, numIterations);
					break;
				case 3:
					iterations = inSet3(r, i, numIterations);
					break;
				case 4:
					iterations = inSet4(r, i, numIterations, ff);
					break;
				default:
					iterations = inSet1(r, i, numIterations);
					break;
			}
			
			if(iterations == numIterations) {
				iterations = 0;
			}

			fout << colors[iterations][0] << colors[iterations][1] << colors[iterations][2];

			writeValue(padding,0,fout);
		}
	}
	
	fout.seekp(ios::beg);
	bmpHeaders(xsize, ysize, padding, fout);

	fout.close();

	return 0;
}

int inSet1(double cReal, double cImg, int numIterations) {
	int iteration = 0;
	bool inSet = true;
	double r = cReal, i = cImg, tmp;
	
	while(inSet && iteration < numIterations) {
		tmp = r;
		r = (r*r)-(i*i)+cReal;
		i = 2*tmp*i+cImg;
		++iteration;
	
		if((r*r)+(i*i) > 4) {
			inSet = false;
		}
	}
	return iteration;
}

int inSet2(double cReal, double cImg, int numIterations) {
	int iteration = 0;
	bool inSet = true;
	long double r = cReal, i = cImg, tmp;
	
	while(inSet && iteration < numIterations) {
		tmp = r;
		r = (r*r*r)-(3*r*i*i)+cReal;
		i = (3*tmp*tmp*i)-(i*i*i)+cImg;
		++iteration;
	
		if((r*r)+(i*i) > 4) {
			inSet = false;
		}
	}
	return iteration;
}

int inSet3(double cReal, double cImg, int numIterations) {
	int iteration = 0;
	bool inSet = true;
	long double r = cReal, i = cImg, tmp;
	
	while(inSet && iteration <= numIterations) {
		tmp = r;
		r = (r*r*r*r)-(6*r*r*i*i)+(i*i*i*i)+cReal;
		i = (4*tmp*tmp*tmp*i)-(4*tmp*i*i*i)+cImg;
		++iteration;
	
		if((r*r)+(i*i) > 4) {
			inSet = false;
		}
	}
	
	return iteration;
}

int inSet4(double cReal, double cImg, int numIterations, double ff) {
	int iteration = 0;
	bool inSet = true;
	double r = cReal, i = cImg, tmp, randReal, randImg;
	
	while(inSet && iteration < numIterations) {
		randReal = (((float) rand() / (float) RAND_MAX) - 0.5) * ff;
		randImg = (((float) rand() / (float) RAND_MAX) - 0.5) * ff;
		tmp = r;
		r = (r*r)-(i*i)+cReal+randReal;
		i = 2*tmp*i+cImg + randImg;
		++iteration;
	
		if((r*r)+(i*i) > 4) {
			inSet = false;
		}
	}

	return iteration;
}

void initArray(char colors[][3], int numIterations, ifstream &fin) {
	fin.seekg(54);
	
	for(int i=0; i<=numIterations; ++i) {
		for(int j=0; j<=2; ++j) {
			fin.get(colors[i][j]);
		}
	}

	return;
}

void bmpHeaders(int xsize, int ysize, int padding, ofstream &fout) {
	int bmpSize, numPixels;
	numPixels = (xsize+padding)*ysize;
	bmpSize = numPixels*3+54;
	
	// Magic Number
	fout << "BM";
	
	// Size of BMP File
	writeValue(4,bmpSize,fout);
	
	// Unused
	writeValue(4,0,fout);
	
	// Offset
	writeValue(4,54,fout);
	
	// Header Size
	writeValue(4,40,fout);
	
	// Height and Width
	writeValue(4,xsize,fout);
	writeValue(4,ysize,fout);
	
	// Color Planes
	writeValue(2,1,fout);
	
	// Bits per Pixel
	writeValue(2,24,fout);
	
	// Compression
	writeValue(4,0,fout);
	
	// Raw BMP Size
	writeValue(4,bmpSize-54,fout);
	
	// Horizontal and Vertical Resolution
	writeValue(4,2835,fout);
	writeValue(4,2835,fout);

	// Colors in Palette
	writeValue(4,0,fout);
	
	// Important Colors
	writeValue(4,0,fout);
	
	return;
}

void writeValue(int num, int value, ofstream &fout) {
	int tmp;
	
	for(int i=0; i<num; i++) {
		if(value > 255) {
			tmp = value / 256;
			tmp = value * 256;
			fout << (char) (value-tmp);
			value /= 256;
		}
		else if(value >= 0 && value <=255) {
			fout << (char) value;
			value = -1;
		}
		else {
			fout << (char) 0;
		}
	}
	return;
}